Okay, now you guys really know how weird I am (seriously). And sorry I don't pay attention to election "campaigns." I only listen to what they have to say about politics, not how many times they rant their names.
Sarcasm to the politicians aside, let us clarify what "dogeza" is. According to the dictionary, it's an act of pressing yourself against the
ground not the floor, and today it is used as a gesture of apology.
http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/158466/meaning/m0u/From a quick internet image search, I do now realize that politicians do bow on the ground too (not just the floor), so I have nothing else to say about that to the anonymous guest.
But I don't think that what Winter Visitor describes is dogeza. That's just a formal and typical bow that is expected when we're sitting on tatami floors. I do that all the time. I think most Japanese residents do it from time to time, and everyone does it in tea ceremonies. Hey, I bet many people just did it for their New Year greeting.
On the other hand, dogeza means that you're pressing your trouser knees, your bare hands and forehead against a place where people walk on with their muddy shoes. Maybe a dog even shxx there. It's kind of like kissing Jesus on his foot. You're expressing utmost respect to the other party by humiliating yourself, except that the biggest purpose in this case is to apologize instead of thanking or honoring or what not.
In that sense, I'm not really sure if we call those election gestures "dogeza". They are begging instead of apologizing, although I notice that the general public still tend to call that dogeza. Either way, the maid's greeting on the tatami is clearly not dogeza.
Back to the topic, I'm not even sure if ancient people did dogeza any more than modern people do, because if it were so common it wouldn't work as a "rarely sincere" apology.
But dogeza would surely be more natural in a lifestyle where we sit on the floor. On the other hand, when a modern company makes some kind of a big mistake and does a press conference about it, they do it in a chair setting. So the bosses of the company would typically stand up and bow deeply, which is the formal Japanese apology in a chair setting. They usually would not do dogeza in front of the press people sitting in chairs.
However, as suggested there are yakuza-like people who make others do dogeza, and then there are people like me, so yeah, dogeza is still done.