There are lots of possible good one day ski destinations from Tokyo, but not from Kyoto.Possible destinations are Yuzawa (including Naeba), Minakami, Karuizawa, and - if you leave early even Shiga-Kogen, Nozawa and Hakuba.
Most of the above mentioned resorts are explained in more detail on the following page:
http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2262.html