It depends on the child.
Our 6 yr old has been to Japan 3 times - aged 4yrs 1 month, 5.5 yrs and 6.5 yrs. Each time, we did a lot of travelling, and she coped with it pretty well. Either we're really selfish adults, or we don't underestimate what a child is capable of. I guess time will tell...
We would typically have two or three nights when we were in a different hotel every night, and then we'd stay in the same place for two or three nights. She was fine with that. On the journeys, we'd all help her with her holiday scrapbook - cutting out and sticking in various pictures from brochures, admission tickets, etc. Doing some writing and drawing. This was the best idea for keeping her happy and busy, and we use her scrapbooks as great reminders of those holidays.
We didn't consciously change the things we did to be hugely child-centred. We took the view that things like temples, train travel, museums, unusual food, etc were of appeal to children as well as adults. One thing she particularly liked was onsens, and ryokan living in general. All sleeping on the floor together in the same room was a special treat for her, and having a bath with mum or dad was something she loved. She also loved izakayas where we could eat in a little private room.
As she got older, we made sure to give her some choices and we incorporated those choices into our plans. However, because we'd spent time between trips watching a lot of NHK World (brilliant resource for anyone planning a trip to Japan - child or adult), her choices were pretty Japanese in theme, and were really fun for all the family (e.g. she wanted to have chanko nabe after seeing a programme about sumo, and we took her to the Miraikan in Tokyo after she'd seen a programme about ASIMO). We also spent a bit of time in every town searching for Kitty phone charms. She now has a collection from many places in Japan that serve as a fantastic memory-trigger.
We never took a stroller. Even with two adults, the idea of one of us having both hands full with the stroller was a no-go. Plus, even at 4 yrs old, we took the view that it was reasonable to expect her to be able to deal with a day out and about. IME, young children have a lot of energy!
What we did do, on our first trip only, was to take a scooter for her - with a detachable pull-along strap.
In most situations (i.e. anything other than a real crowded city street or train station), she was able to scoot alongside/in front/between us, which meant that we could all move at a decent walking pace.
If she was really tired at the end of a long day, we could slip the strap onto the scooter and pull her along.
After that first trip, she walked, and was just fine with that. but of course all children are different.
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