The test has four levels, from level 4 for beginners, to level 1 for advanced students. Writing, reading, listening, vocabulary and grammar skills are all tested during the 1.5 to 3 hour test. The JLPT is held once a year in December in various cities inside and outside of Japan. From 2009, the test is held a second time in July in Japan, China, Taiwan and South Korea (levels 1 and 2 only).

From 2010, the test will be offered on five levels. The additional level will fill the wide gap in difficulty between the current levels 3 and 2.

Anyone wishing to take the test should register at least three months in advance (check official website for exact dates). Results of the test are released about two to three months after the test date.