It's always the first weekend of August, so yeah, 1st and 2nd this year. I *think* 15,000 is standard, but it usually depends on the yearly sponsors how many they have. I don't know if this is normal, but even the Japanese website hasn't been updated with 2015 information. It might be too early.
For the quality of fireworks, I want to give you my impression. The first time I saw Takasaki fireworks was my first few weeks in Japan. I though "wow, this must be the finale!" only for fireworks to resume a few seconds later. "Okay, THIS must be the finale!"... only for fireworks to resume a few seconds later. It was shocking to me how long they lasted, and they just kept coming. I feel that the actual individual fireworks you see in Nagaoka are often better... they have the REALLY BIG ones, and really beautiful, well thought out presentations... but it isn't a show. It's some fireworks, then stop. Some fireworks, then stop. Takasaki's is constantly going.
So I guess it's kinda your preference. Nagaoka's were honestly beautiful, and I think worth seeing, but Takasaki's are just this constant stream of them, and I prefer that style.
Okay, so seating. Check this link:
http://www.takasaki-matsuri.jp/40/hanabitaikai.html for a decent map. I don't recommend area 2 or 3 unless your hotel is over there (and it probably wont be since the station is across the bridge and a bit of a walk). Getting out of those areas can be up to an hour of crowd. Stick to the station side, around 1, or pay for a seat (scroll to the second map, it's the orange area). It could be worth it since a) it's guaranteed, b) not THAT expensive, and c) often has private bathrooms only for the pay area. There's also a park right behind the road and area 1... it's a good place, but a slightly blocked view because of some buildings. Go for the river areas for maximum view. We watched from the bridge once (not supposed to but we stayed) and it was really great. They just don't allow you to sit down.
Minakami... yes, quite close by expressway. I recommend Canyons for a great rafting experience if you're looking into it.
Peaches aren't terribly famous in Gunma, but I searched and found Harada Farms (
http://www.harada-nouen.com/mikaku/momo/index.html) 700 yen for one peach to eat there plus 2 to take home, or 1400 for picking. It looks like its directly on the way to Minakami too, right off the previous exit of Numata.
http://www.rurubu.com/season/summer/mikaku/list.aspx?KenCD=10&kc=2I don't think you're going to find much info in English... Gunma's a bit too off the tourist path. My Japanese is pretty poor, but you can ask me if you have any questions, and if I can't answer, there'll definitely be people on the forum who read much better than I do!