「I saw that if one were to obtain a letter from an individual or company stating that said individual or company plans to financially support them, that would grant a visa. The minimum amount monthly that is allowed for this type of visa is 180,000 yen, which I can get. Being a member of a Native American tribe, I receive this amount monthly.」 - You seem to have misinterpreted the way visa requirements work. The Japanese government does not simply hand out visas to anyone who earns an amount equivalent to 180,000 yen per month, regardless of where that money is coming from. To be eligible for a work visa, you would need to be earning that money from an organization based in Japan, and that organization needs to show that you need to be in Japan to do your work, and also that be willing to file the paperwork to sponsor your visa.
On the other hand, if you're receiving that money from a Native American tribe, your source of income has no connection to Japan, nor reason for you to live within the country. As such, the Japanese government will not grant you a visa based on your Native American tribal income.
「What would my husband then do?」 - Assuming you were able to obtain a visa to work in Japan, the Japanese government is under no obligation to provide you with financial support for your husband's living expenses. You would either have to support him financially, or he would have to find a job in Japan (which, again, the Japanese government is under no obligation to assist him in doing).
If supporting your husband financially is unfeasible with the income from whatever job would qualify you for a Japanese work visa, his spousal visa application s likely to be rejected, which would leave you with the choice between going to Japan without him or not going to Japan at all.
「We were not fortunate enough to earn enough money to send him to college here in the states, so he has no degree of any kind. Even going through financial aid was too much for us to afford. How then can he get a visa? Going to Japan as an English teacher, he needs a bachelor's degree or working experience. He has neither. Plus, due to continued unfortunate experiences out of our control, he has had to bounce between different types of jobs, so he does not have enough working experience in any one type of job he's had. 」 - If your husband has only a high school education, no specialized skills, and little experience, his chances of obtaining a Japanese work visa are effectively zero. Also, since you've made no mention of it, I'm going to assume that he doesn't speak/read Japanese either.
So in essence, you'd be trying to convince a Japanese employer to commit to hiring someone with a low level of education, skill, and experience, and who managers can't easily communicate with/teach. That's an extremely unattractive prospect for an employer.
Japanese work visa policies are primarily structured around admitting people who can come to Japan and support themselves in the local economy, which it doesn't sound like he, or honestly you, would be able to do.
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