Assuming that you do not speak (and write/read) Chinese and are a reasonably dedicated student, I would say that N2 takes at least 1.5 years and N1 at least 2 years of dedicated studying. Obviously this varies from person to person, but most schools seem also to plan approximately in these timelines.
I studied in Tokyo at Naganuma schoon and their general plan was 2 years from 0 to hero. But we needed to pass a test every 6 weeks, and if you didn't pass you were send back to redo the last 6 weeks. With that system, the general level was quite similar among the students. The biggest difference was with all the Taiwanese students, who obviously didn't need to learn the kanjis... which is a BIG help.
Some people (e.g. my husband, who isn't stupid or anything - actually he is a astrophysic) that with age learning a new language becomes more difficult. I am not in agreement. I learned Japanese at 43 and was definitely not the worst student in class (I passed all 6 weekly exams). I personally think it depends a lot on your learning style, knowledge of other languages, general grammar understanding and dedication, dedication and dedication. And just start using the language. The good thing about Japan is that not many Japanese speak English, so you have a lot of opportunities to speak the language (not like here in the Netherlands, where I start speaking Dutch and people answer in English or German). But you obviously need to make the step to speak. Accept that your sentences will be full of errors, that you will only understand half (best case) of the answers. But only if you do get started, you will see improvements. Use every minute outside of school as free of charge conversation class. Shop in small stores instead of supermarkets, ask clerks a lot of questions... And don't just rely on other people. I have seen with classmates who where living with their Japanese spouse, that either they learned Japanese very quickly, because they really used it day-to-day, or they didn't advance at all, because everything that needed to be done in Japanese was done by the spouse and at home they would speak English. Obviously it is a personal choice. And I know a good number of foreigners (mostly US Americans) in Tokyo who even after 10+ years speak a deplorable Japanese. They get along just fine, because they have Japanese spouses or just live in a foreigner bubble. But the ones who do want to get the knack of it, get it. I think that your attitude and the first few months in Japan are the most important for that. If you see quickly that every new word you learn, is actually a useful word, you have a lot of great experiences in the first months.
I dont know if you have already learned some Japanese. In my experience learning multiple languages, Japanese has a great advantage for beginners. It is really easy at the beginning. Probably not a lot of people will agree, so let me explain: - There is no conjugation - no declination - no plural - 2 verb tenses with which you can say everything in the present, future and past - only 2 irregular verbs, which you will learn very quickly, because they are used in nearly 50% of all sentences - no complicated pronunciations - no grammatical gender ...
Yes, obviously Japanese gets more complicated as you go along, that's why you need about 2 years to mastery. But specially at the beginning with a few words you learn and a few grammar points, you can already start forming sentences, which are grammarly sound. In a language as Russian or German, if you get the conjugation or declination wrong, you have a hard time. You need to learn a lot of grammar before you can start making some simply sentences. In French, Spanish or Italian, you'll struggle for months on end with all the verb tenses and irregular verbs.
So there are bright sides to learning Japanese.
The downside is though that it doesn't stay easy. While other languages (in my experience) get easier to learn over time, because you can start reading and the words you read you can directly use for talking. (In Japanese at least for me that doesn't work so well. I might know what a kanji means and might be able to read a text and understand it, but if I have no idea how to pronounce the kanji, then if I hear the word, I will not be able to make the connection with the kanji and the concept I already learned when reading). Plus among most European languages words for more complicated concepts (e.g. philosophy, ...) all have common roots. So if you know how to say "philosophy" in English, with a little bit of Italian knowledge, it's easy to form the word "filosofia" or a little bit of German, you get to "Philosophie"... and you have learned a new word. Well, with Japanese that doesn't work. The more complicated it gets the more words you need to learn. I think that if you know Chinese it does get easier over time, as most of the more complicated words were borrowed from Chinese many centuries ago (like we Europeans borrowed from Latin and Ancient Greek). But as I assume that you are not fluent in Chinese, this is not going to help you.
So, happy studying!
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