JR rail pass

Hi,If I buy JR rail way pass,how they caculate the starting and end time?Are they start by day or o'colok?For example if I start to use JR at 8pm, does that mean I still lost the whole day for the pass?

Also,If I have a JR 14days pass, does that mean if I traveled inside Kyoto or Osake, the transportation including will be including as well, I don't need to buy another Kyoto 2day pass to cover local transportation right?

many thanks

If I buy JR rail way pass,how they caculate the starting and end time?

The pass is valid on consecutive calendar days (midnight to midnight).

Also,If I have a JR 14days pass, does that mean if I traveled inside Kyoto or Osake, the transportation including will be including as well, I don't need to buy another Kyoto 2day pass to cover local transportation right?

The Japan Rail Pass is only valid on trains and local buses operated by Japan Railways. It is not valid on other companies. Most urban transportation in Kyoto (subway, most buses) is not operated by JR. Therefore, you won't be able to use your rail pass. In Osaka, the JR Loop Line is of certain usefulness, but subways are not covered by the Japan Rail Pass.

So if I start my JR pass on the 11th November I can use it until midnight 24th November?

If you travel overnight on the last day your pass is valid, the basic fare will be covered as far as you travel, including train changes, until you first exit a station. However, surcharges are only covered for the train on which you were riding past midnight on the final day your pass was valid.
http://www.japanrailpass.net/eng/en008.html