In this webpage are timetables to be effective from October 1, 2014 for Kaetsunou Buses connecting Shirakawa-go and Johana Station / Takaoka Station.
http://www.kaetsunou.co.jp/sekaiisan/sekaiisan-bus-new.htmlThe earliest bus from Shirakawa-go bus stop (in Seseragi Park, near the tourist information office) is scheduled to depart at 7:00, to arrive to Johana Station bus stop at 8:15.
(If your destination is Takaoka Station and continue to take this bus, the gap in the bus fares will be 100 yen (= 1800 yen - 1700 yen); this scheduled arrival time is 9:20.)
Only major bus stops are listed, so it is not clear where this bus would make stops between Johana Station and Takaoka Station.
if there is any other bus or taxi option I can consider to Johana station The next bus (departing at 9:30) should be too late for the 10:15 train, so there does not seem to be another bus option.
You are likely to catch the previous train 8:25 train. If you travel with a Japan Rail Pass, this train seems to be your earliest railroad option.
(A taxi fare to travel from the guesthouse to Johana Station (for about 44 kilometers) is estimated around 14000 to 17000 yen per car.)
stay at Wadaya gesso on Oct 26 & leave on Oct 27. Gassho-zukuri guesthouse Wadaya is located along the road (Etchu-nishi Highway, Route 360),
about 420 meters roughly to the east of Shiroyama Viewpoint
and about 520 meters to the northeast of Wada-ke gassho-zukuri house.
(These distances are direct distances on a map.)
http://www.shirakawa-go.gr.jp/details/map.php?i=20http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e5951.htmlAs you see from the maps, Shirakawa-go bus stop and this guesthouse are located apart.
It sounds better to tell the guesthousefs staff in advance that you will leave early in the morning and consult them about transportation.