It's certainly doable. The JR Sanyo Sanin Pass though will get you to Hakata (Fukuoka) and back, but that is all. I'd say flying is still a better deal since 1) it's cheaper, and 2) the benefits of the pass are not realized since you are at KIX and in Fukuoka the subway goes right to the airport, so there is no time wasted in transit to your flights. If you are going beyond Hakata, the Pass is also useless.
In spite of what a few might say, Fukuoka does have a number of good sights - it is more than just food. It's up to what you're interested in though. Do some browsing and find what appeals to you.
http://www.thejapanfaq.com/fukpic.htmlhttps://yokanavi.com/en/Going to Kumamoto is only about 40 minutes by bullet train, and 2 hours one way to Nagasaki. I'd still recommend Nagasaki however - it is a unique city with western and Chinese influences going back centuries. Some people just focus on the A-bombing, but there really is so much more than that.
For Oct 30, there are some possibilities for day trips. Most people would reflexisely say Dazaifu; it's famous for the head Tenmangu Shrine, but I would not go there for only that. There is also Yanagawa, famous for its donko bune or canal boat rides. Karatsu is westward and not too far off - it has a quaint castle and very relaxed vibe - maybe too quiet though. If you drive, there are some good places nearby. Kitakyushu is also an often overlooked place - the Kokura Castle is not bad, and the view from atop Sarakurayama is an unknown jewel that even the well traveled are clueless about.
Other possibilities are of course seeing Yufuin and/or Beppu. One sight just outside Fukuoka City is the Nanzoin Temple, and you absolutely should not miss it. Do a youtube search on it and you will see why.
Of course, if you go to Kumamoto or Nagasaki plus someplace farther out on your last day, you really should look at getting a JR Northern Kyushu Pass to save some money.
For within Fukuoka City, get a subway day pass - many of the best sights are not far from a station. Or for that plus the bus, get a Fukuoka Tourist City Pass.
https://yokanavi.com/en/tourist-city-pass/There are also many other discount combo tickets:
http://www.ensen24.jp/global/english/