Takayama to Osaka

Is there a convenient way to get from Takayama to Osaka by train?

I consider the train journey via Nagoya to be convenient:
https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e5908.html?aFROM=2157_5900

Not sure what your idea of "convenience" is.

There is this "Hida 36" limited express from Takayama to Osaka. No transfer needed, but this is only once a day.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tH3gJ1cWU-Y

Is there a convenient way to get from Takayama to Osaka by train?

In the evening, you can take Hida 36 train to Shin-Ōsaka or Ōsaka.

There is one pair of Limited Express Hida trains
to connect daily Ōsaka and Takayama,
which run not via Nagoya.

Hida 25
: Ōsaka {07:58 or 08:02} -- Shin-Ōsaka -- Kyōto --
Gifu -- Mino-Ōta -- {12:14} Takayama.
(The other stops are omitted.)

Hida 36
: Takayama {15:34} -- Mino-Ōta -- Gifu -- Kyōto --
{19:44} Shin-Ōsaka {19:45} -- {19:50} Ōsaka.
(The other stops are omitted.)

Except these two trains,
Limited Express Hida trains connect Nagoya and Hida area.
You make a transfer at Nagoya to the Shinkansen,
getting through the Shinkansen transfer gate.

- Map of Nagoya Station
https://global.jr-central.co.jp/en/info/station/_img/nagoya.jpg

e.g.

Takayama {09:36}
[Limited Express Hida 6]
{12:04} Nagoya {12:26}
[Shinkansen NOZOMI 67 for Hiroshima]
{13:15} Shin-Ōsaka.

Takayama {16:33}
[Limited Express Hida 18]
{19:06} Nagoya {19:26}
[Shinkansen NOZOMI 79 for Hiroshima]
{20:15} Shin-Ōsaka.