Is $10,000 enough?

I'm planning a future trip to japan. is $10,000 (1,108,084.36 yen) enough for a one month period of travel?

Assuming you refer to US dollars, yes, it can certainly be enough. In the end it depends on your itinerary and travel style, though. Some basics on travel costs can be found here:
https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2410.html

Questions like this get asked a lot, but it's sort of impossible to answer. My idea of a thrifty day might be luxurious to you.

Also, what exactly is "a month of travel?" Staying in own place, or going all over the country? Have transportation/accommodation costs been paid in advance, and the $10,000 is only referring to other spending cash? Or is it $10,000 for the entire trip budget?

Food and shopping costs are very similar to the USA (I'm assuming you are from USA since you are asking in dollars). Airfare and hotel costs are easy for you to look up. Rail passes are detailed on this site, or use Hyperdia to plan train costs. Most major tourist destinations have websites that list costs of activities.

Do some planning, make a list or spreadsheet and get out a calculator and see what it will cost you. I could easily make $10k last for a month in Japan, but everyone travels a bit different and has different tastes.

You will need an extra $16.57