How many nonworking days exist in Japan?

Namely, how many non-working days exactly are there because of the holidays in Japan in a course of one year and which are they? Meaning non-working days when the Government institutions and businesses have to be closed. Are there fines for businesses staying open during hnational holidays? Is there a law that regulates this? Or are the non-working holiday days set up by custom?

Japan's national holidays (together with other annual events) are listed on the following page:
http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2062.html

There is no general law that requires businesses to shut down on national holidays.

Most shops and tourist attractions do not close on national holidays with the exception of January 1, which is special.